Wall



Mar. 13, 1923.

R. 'L.. BENDALL.

WALL.

FILED MAY 24, I92].

3 SHEETS-SHEET, 2'.

WWW?

R. L. BENDALL.

Mar. 13', 1923.

WALL.

FILED MAY 24.1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3- Patented Mar. 13, 1923.

ldl llltl lfiifi STATES ROBERT LEOPOLD BENDALL, F BOURNEMOUTH, ENGLAND.

WALL.

Application filed May 24, 1921.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it. known that ROBERT LEOPOLD BEN- DALL, residing at Scarborough, Richmond Wood Road, Bournemouth, Hampshire,

England, has invented certain new and useful Improvements in Walls, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the construction of walls and other building structures and to tiles 01" facing plates for use therein.

According to my invention the wall or structure is mainly composed of concrete with a tiled facing and a backing of slabs or plates of cement clinker breeze or other suitable material; ties of metal being arranged between the tiles and backing to keep the structure in shape while the concrete filling, or reinforcement-when such is usedand concrete is being inserted between the tiles and backing and to give additional strength to the complete structure.

The tiles will be preferably of rectangular shape and may be connected one to the other by dowel pins or strips or by interengaging 535 or overlapping edges or parts, or by both,

methods.

The tiles when erected, to a suitable length and height, preparatory to filling in the concrete, will be supported in position, preferably by means of horizontal metal rods, straps or bars having their ends bent or formed to engage the tiles on the one hand and the clinker slabs or other backing on the other. For this purpose the bent front end of a rod may pass into or through a.hole or recess formed in the tile or in a projecting rib or lug thereon, while its rear bent end may be inserted in a hole in the upper or lower edge or enter horizontally the opposite breeze slab or other block, or maybe pointed and driven therein thus forming a rigid front and back framing to receive the concrete or other filling.

hen the tile is provided with a web or rib on its rear face it is'preferably provided near the bottom edge, and parallel thereto, so that the tile can rest by means of this rib on the upper surface of the tile below it. Furthermore, the bent end of the transverse supporting rod when passed through the hole in the rib may extend up or down and against the rear of the upper part of the tile below, thus locking the two securely together.

In a modified arrangement in order to sup- Serial No. 472,149.

port the tiles in position I make a hole or slot or holes or slots in the ribs or lugs through which securing rods or strips of metal may extend either in a horizontal or longitudinal manner. These securing means are preferably of spring material, or are so shaped as to have a spring action, so that when passed through the passage or passages in the rib, their upper and lower parts may press respectively against the back of the upper and lower tiles.

I prefer to make these securing members out of strip metal somewhat of an L or J shape, the'vertical part of the member engaging the back of the tiles, and the outwardly bent portion extending rearwardly from the back of the tiles so as to become embedded in the. concrete filling when applied. In order to maintain the backing plates and tiles when placed in position before filling in with the concrete, in correct parallelism, I connect them by means of distance rods or strips which may be sepa rate from or part of the securing members previously referred to. These distance pieces also act as reinforcement after the concrete has been applied. A suitable form of distance .piece consists of a bent wire having one end engaging a hole or pin on the upper edge of the backing slab while its forward edge is bent at right angles to engage either in a hole or slot in the back of the tile, or between the metal tie securing and connecting member and the back of the tile. I may also .use wire or strip metal running parallel along the back of the tiles, so as to intersect with the metal ties, or slips, thus reducing the distance pieces or metal ties to a minimum.

lVhere the tiles break joint I may use thin pieces of metal or other material, to allow one metal clip projecting from the lug to lock several tiles immediately underneath the uppermost tile.

Vhile I prefer to form the securing members so that their free ends project into the space to be subsequently filled in with concrete. I may if desired, make them of simple strips of springy metal preferably bent into a slight curve so as to increase their locking action upon the tiles to be connected together.

in. a modified form of my invention, instead of constructing or arranging the superposed series of tiles so that the lower edge of one series overlaps the upper edge of the series below, I may butt them one against the other, so as to produce a plain or flat outer surface, their edges may have slots to receive the ends of specially shaped transverse bars, or they may be recessed to an extent equal to half the thickness of the tile, and adjacent tiles fitted together to produce a plain unbroken outer surface.

The adjacent edges of adjacent tiles can be tied or dowelled together. The cross ties in such cases, may consist of metal strips each havinga hole at its forward end Which is engagedby one of the dowel pins connecting tofatlja'c'ent tiles while its rear end is suitablyconnected to the breeze slab Walling orother backing. Y 1

In this way I am ableto construct in a quick and economical manner a 'wallorlike structure of considerable strengthand pleasingappearance, mainly of concrete without the use of the usual shuttering.

In building the wall the tiles and backing blocksor plates are assembled in position, at the desired'distance apart, to a height of sayv two feet and" concrete is then filled into the cavity," between the tiles/and backing. When this is set another section is built upon the lower section, filled with concrete and so on to the height required.

The invention will now be described in connection with'two examples thereof illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which Figure l is a transverse section of a construction according to the present invention,

Figure 2, is a horizontal section of the me, I

Figure 3 shows a vertical section of the 7 wall with a modified form of tie rod,

Figure 4 is a fragmentary'sectional perspective view of a wall structure showing a further modified form oftie,

Figure 5 is an interior face view of a'portion of the tiles,

Figure 6 is a horizontal section through the wall structure shownin Figure 4,

Figure 7 is a fragmentary detail perspective view showing a modified form of tile together with a still further modified form of Figure :8 is a fragmentary vertical section ther modification.

Referring first to the walling system or construction illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, as the main object of the invention is to pro- .Vide a cheap form of walling with a tile facing, but of substantial construction, I

- form or build up a rear backing e'of slabs of suitable material, for instance, cement breeze to a suitable height and length, this backing being arranged parallel tofthe tile facing which is then erected at any distance desired therefrom. The front of the wall or structure consists of a series of superposed tiles a, one tile being supported on the top edge of the tile below it by means of ahorizontal rib -b formed-integrally with the tile. Laterally the tiles may be connected .by means of dowel pins 0 in one tile engagingin holes (Z in the adjacent tiles. The Various horizontal se'ries of tiles are preferably arranged so as to break joint. The tops of the horizontal series of slabs are preferably, but not essentially on .a level with the tops of the corresponding series of tiles. structureand the vertical slab structure is filled in with'concrete h. v

In order to maintain the two structures vertical and incorrect position during the charging in of the concrete and also to strengthen or reinforce the finished walling, I connect the front and rear by means of steel tie rods, strips or bars For-"that purpose I form a hole in the rib Z) on the back of each tile, in which I insert the bent end of a metal rod f, the rod extending downwards and lying against the back of the'top perm-r the tile below. In this way the two tiles are firmly clampedftogethe'r,

forward end, is bentdownwards and then upwards,'theupturned end passing through the hole g in one tile and bearing against.

the top "of the back of thetile below.

111* the'example shown, the top of each til e is chamfered off so as tofbe 'clea'r ofthe holein the rib ofthetile above it','but by making the ribjdee perthe tile could be of uniformlthickness'see' Figure 9. Or the top of the tiles "could be provided with a slot or hole 011- holes in which'the bent over end of the tie "would engage after passing through the hole or slot' in the rib see Figures, I V.

In practice the wall is formed as a'-skele-' ton framework, say three or "four tiles high, and then filled in with concrete, and after that has set a further section of framework is treated above it.

In Figure '3 the tiessfiare provided at their front ends with vertical parts or members, the loweren'ds ofwhi'ch,arebent i'nwards as at toact as reinforcements when embedded in theconcrete filling. The "up .per vertical portion presses against the back of the top tile whenthel'ower vertical portion is threaded through the hole or slot inthe rib b, and presses against the top of the lower tile, while its end is bent or curved The space betweentl1e vertical tile.

inwardly as at f so as to extend into the concrete and thus act as a metal reinforcement.

in Figures 4, 5 and 6, a modified arrangement is shown wherein steel strips 7 are employed, bent up similarly to the ties in Figure 3 and passing through slots 9 1n the ribs 6. In this case the ties 7 are sepa rate from the strips, their ends being bent at a right angle and one end inserted in the breeze or clinker slabs 6 while their other ends f are hooked behind the strips f just above the ribs 6. Concrete filling h is inserted between the vertical tile structure a, and the vertical slab structure 6.

' In the modification illustrated in Figure 7, the tiles a are provided with recesses 60 in their edges to receive connecting strips be tween adjacent tiles or cross ties the forward ends of which are split longitudinally and bent at right angles in opposite directions so that one bent portion will engage in the recess of a tile, and the upwardly bent portion will engage in the recess in the lower edge of the tile above. @bviously these ties could also be inserted in the lateral recesses in the tiles.

My invention is capable of being modified in various ways as regards the shape and arrangement of the tie members whereby a sufiiciently rigid skeleton structure may be erected without shuttering prior to the pouring or filling in of the concrete.

What I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is 2- 1. A building construction comprising a rear wall, a front wall spaced from the rear wall and composed of tiles held one upon another said tiles having slotted lugs extending rearwardly, tie means connecting the two walls and including means extending through the slotted lugs and engaging the inner faces of adjacent tiles, and a filling of concrete between the front wall and the rear wall.

2. A building structure comprising a rear wall of slabs and a front Wall of superposed and juxtaposed tiles, metal cross ties having their front and rear ends respectively secured to the tiles and to the rear wall, bent metal strips passing through slots in ribs on the back of the tiles to lock two superposed tiles together and a filling of concrete substantially as described.

3. A building structure comprising a rear wall of slabs and a front wall of superposed and juxtaposed tiles, metal cross ties having their front and rear ends respectively secured to the tiles and to the rear wall, bent metal strips passingthrough slots in ribs on the back of the tiles to lock two superposed tiles together said strips being bent to extend into the space between the c tiles and rear wall to act as reinforcement,

and a filling of concrete placed between the front and rear walls substantially as described.

in testimony whereof he affixes his signature in presence of two witnesses.

ROBERT LEOPOLD BENDALL.

Witnesses STANLEY DICHER, LEwrs RILEY. 

